{"id":4159,"date":"2023-04-20T16:52:38","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T14:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/2023\/04\/20\/research-and-its-potential-risks-for-misuse-dual-use\/"},"modified":"2024-05-10T17:30:39","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T15:30:39","slug":"research-and-its-potential-risks-for-misuse-dual-use","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/2023\/04\/20\/research-and-its-potential-risks-for-misuse-dual-use\/","title":{"rendered":"Research and its potential risks for misuse (DUAL-USE)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||22px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;What is a dual-use item?&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#fdaf29&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#fdaf29&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;23px&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||56px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>A dual-use item refers to equipment, software, or technology that has both a civilian <strong>and<\/strong> a military application. Such items are listed in Regulation (EU) 2021\/821 of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use items (Official journal L 206\/1 of 11 June 2021, and the related updates &#8211; Annexes reviewed annually).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;What is meant by &quot;export&quot;?&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#36bfc7&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#36bfc7&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;23px&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||56px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;EXPORT&#8221;<\/strong> in this case represents any <strong>TRANSFER<\/strong> considered in a very broad way:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>any oral, written, electronic or visual disclosure;<\/li>\n<li>any shipment, transfer or transmission of products, technologies, information, technical data, software codes and assistance;<\/li>\n<li>any publication and cloud computing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;What does the term &apos;misuse&apos; cover?&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#36bfc7&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#36bfc7&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;23px&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||20px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Misuse refers to the <strong>risk<\/strong> of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a use of equipment, software or technology for the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), terrorist activities or any activity contrary to human rights;<\/li>\n<li>a suspected military end-use &#8211; e.g. cyber-surveillance, emerging technologies, artificial intelligence &#8211; in a country subject to an arms embargo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;What is &quot;export\/transfer&quot; control?&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#fdaf29&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#fdaf29&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;23px&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||56px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>This control refers to several laws and regulations that have a common objective: to prevent the transfer of certain tangible (e.g., a prototype) or intangible (e.g., know-how) goods for reasons of national or international security, unless specific authorization (<strong>&#8220;export&#8221; license<\/strong>) is granted by the regional authorities.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-78px|auto||auto||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;When do we need an authorization (&quot;export&quot; license)?&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#fdaf29&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#fdaf29&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;23px&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||56px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>An &#8220;export&#8221; license is required for the transfer of a product and\/or technology (related to the product) <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>outside the European Union<\/strong><\/span>, if that product :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Is<\/strong> mentioned on the control list of dual-use items (Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2021\/8211)<\/li>\n<li><strong>is NOT<\/strong> mentioned on the Dual-Use Control List (Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2021\/8211). This is a catch-all control for potential misuse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>N.B.: For the products and technologies mentioned in Annex IV1, an export license is required even <span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">within the European Union<\/span>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">To disseminate research results abroad, you have to show your credentials!<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;Who should you contact?&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#a1a8ac&#8221; button_border_color=&#8221;#a1a8ac&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;23px&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Your contact person<\/strong> for the relevant authorities is the <span style=\"color: #e09900;\"><strong>Knowledge Transfer Office (KTO)<\/strong><\/span> of your university.<br \/>The &#8220;export&#8221; licenses are issued by the regional authorities.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #666666;\"><strong>Wallonia<\/strong><\/span>: Service Public de Wallonie &#8211; Direction des Licences d&#8217;armes<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #666666;\"><strong>Brussels Capital Region<\/strong><\/span>: Brussels Regional Public Service &#8211; Weapons and dual-use goods licensing unit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Note: In addition, a re-export license from the US Bureau of Industry and Security may be required when there is US content.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;What are the consequences if we export without a license?&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#36bfc7&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#36bfc7&#8243; button_border_radius=&#8221;23px&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Export&#8221; controls are <strong>mandatory<\/strong>, which means:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>that it is not possible to diverge from these decisions through<br \/>contractual clauses.<\/li>\n<li>that an infringement of these laws is an infringement of<br \/>public policy decisions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As a result, penalties for violations of export control laws and regulations are severe and can be civil and\/or criminal. Furthermore, your reputation and the reputation of your institution could be seriously damaged if these regulations are not followed.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/memo-dualuse-miuse-banner-2.jpg&#038;#8221\">https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/memo-dualuse-miuse-banner-2.jpg&#038;#8221<\/a>; title_text=&#8221;me\u0301mo dualuse-miuse banner-2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_cta title=&#8221;Regulation (EU)&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Clicks&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#36bfc7&#8243; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|25px|15px|25px|false|false&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2021\/821\/oj&#038;#8221\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2021\/821\/oj&#038;#8221<\/a>; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|3vw|3vw|3vw|3vw&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Regulation (EU) 2021\/821 of 20\/05\/2021 setting up a<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Union regime for the control of exports<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">brokering, technical assistance, transit and<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">transfers in respect of dual-use items<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_cta title=&#8221;Contact&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Clicks&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; max_width=&#8221;78.3%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; min_height=&#8221;204.4px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px|25px|15px|25px|false|false&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|3vw|3vw|3vw|3vw&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">R\u00e9seau LiEU<br \/><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><a href=\"mailto:contact@reseaulieu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #ffffff; text-decoration: underline;\">contact@reseaulieu.be<\/a><\/span><\/span><br \/>+32(0)81\/62.25.94<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Memo-dualuse-misuse.pdf&#038;#8221\">https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Memo-dualuse-misuse.pdf&#038;#8221<\/a>; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Download the Dual Use memo&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-15px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||6px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjM3NTkifX0=@&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Download the entire Services for Researchers interactive memo&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;button_url&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A dual-use item refers to equipment, software, or technology that has both a civilian and a military application. These goods are listed in a European Regulation establishing a control regime for their export, brokerage, technical assistance, transit and transfer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":197673556,"featured_media":3871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[6583],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-memo-pi-en"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/reseaulieu.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dualuse_EN-3.jpg?fit=631%2C221&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":false,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcBRTD-155","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/197673556"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4159"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5500,"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4159\/revisions\/5500"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reseaulieu.be\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}